ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - LESSON 2
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
LESSON 2
Article IV - Article VIII
OBJECTIVE
The 1776 Declaration suggests that the IDEAL method of
problem solving and decision making was used to frame our INTENDED FORM of
GOVERNMENT.
(1) The Cause was accurately IDENTIFIED, (2) a
Remedy was DESCRIBED, a process for accomplishment was EVALUATED and (3) ACTED upon. And, today, we LEARN from our successes
and failures and look, again, to the IDEAL.
The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
In Congress, July 4, 1776.
The
unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one people to (1) dissolve the
political bands which have connected them with another, and to (2) assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to
the opinions of mankind requires that they should (3) declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Words have meaning relevant to the time, the place, and the intent for
which they are used. Below are the meanings of words as they were specifically penned prior to the 19th Century.
Notice that "States" with a CAPITAL "S" is defined as "Nobility"
“Nobility"
People
What went wrong?
Why did it go
wrong?
When did it go
wrong?
How did it go
wrong?
Who profited?
Relevant links
are provided for convenience.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION – 1777
Article
IV. The better to secure and
perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the
people of the different states in this union, the free inhabitants*
of each of these states, paupers, vagabonds
and fugitives
from Justice excepted, shall be
entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states; and the people of each state shall
have free ingress and regress to and
from any other state (stile), and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and
commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions and restrictions as the
inhabitants thereof respectively,
provided that such restrictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the
removal of property imported into any state, to any other State of which the
Owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction
shall be laid by any state, on the property of the united states, or either of
them.
If any
Person guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor
in any state, shall flee from Justice, and be found in any of the united
states, he shall upon demand of the Governor or executive power of the state
from which he fled, be delivered up, and removed to the state having
jurisdiction of his offence.
Full faith and credit shall be
given in each of these states to the
records, acts and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates
of every other state.
Article V. For the more convenient management of the general
interests of the united states, delegates shall be annually appointed in such
manner as the legislature of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on
the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each
state to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and
to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the Year.
No State shall be represented in
Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall
be capable of being delegate for more than three years, in any term of six
years; nor shall any person, being a delegate,
be capable of holding any office under the united states, for which he, or
another for his benefit receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.
Each State shall
maintain (6. To support with the conveniences of life) its own delegates in a meeting of the states, and
while they act as members of the committee of the states.
In
determining questions in the united states, in Congress assembled, each state
shall have one vote.
Freedom of
speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached (hindered,
impeded, accused) or questioned in any Court, or
place out of Congress, and the members of congress shall be protected in their persons
from arrests and imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and
attendance on congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
Article VI. No State, without the Consent of the united States,
in congress assembled, shall send
any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conferrence,
agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any King prince or state; nor shall
any person holding any office of profit or trust under the united states, or
any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind
whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the united states, in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of
nobility.
No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confederation,
or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the united states, in
congress assembled, specifying
accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long
it shall continue.
No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may
interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the united States
in congress assembled, with any king, prince, or State, in pursuance of any
treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain.
No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace, by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the united states, in congress
assembled, for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up, by
any state, in time of peace, except such number only as, in the judgment of the
united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the
forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every state shall always
keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and
accounted, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public
stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms,
ammunition, and camp equipage.
No State shall engage in any war without the consent of
the united States in congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded
by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed
by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent
as not to admit of a delay till the united states in congress assembled, can be
consulted: nor shall any state grant commissions to
any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be
after a declaration of war by the united states in
congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or State, and the
subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such
regulations as shall be established by the united states in congress assembled,
unless such state be infested by pirates (robbers), in which case vessels of war may
be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue,
or until the united states in congress assembled shall determine otherwise.
Article VII. When land forces are
raised by any state, for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the
legislature of each state respectively by whom such forces shall be
raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct,
and all vacancies shall be filled up by the state which
first made appointment.
Article
VIII. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for
the common defence or general welfare (happiness, success, prosperity), and allowed by the united states in congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury,
which shall be supplied by the several states, in proportion to the value of all land within each state, granted to or
surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and improvements
thereon shall be estimated, according to such mode as the united states, in
congress assembled, shall, from time to time, direct and appoint. The taxes for
paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction
of the legislatures of the several states within the time agreed upon by
the united states in congress assembled.
RESOURCES for your LIBRARY
POLITICAL BANDS
JOHNSON’S 1755 DICTIONARY – Navigate by (1) letter,
(2) spelling and (3) clicking Go at
JOHNSON’S 1785 DICTIONARY - Volume I – A through K
https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofengl01johnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up or PDF at https://ia801406.us.archive.org/21/items/dictionaryofengl01johnuoft/dictionaryofengl01johnuoft.pdf
JOHNSON’S 1785 DICTIONARY - Volume II – L through Z https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofengl02johnuoft#page/n744/mode/1up or PDF at
WEBSTER’S 1828
DICTIONARY
http://webstersdictionary1828.com/
WEBSTER’S 1913 DICTIONARY
Continuing the
IDEAL protocol for problem solving and decision making, next is Article IX
questioning WHAT FORM OF GOVERNMENT HAS THE
UNITED STATES?
*Inhabitant
– Dweller
posted by Niki at 12:24 AM
